People and Terms for Test #2, Fall 2011

Terms and People for Test #2. Test #2, Friday, November 4. Final list of people and terms posted at 10:00 pm on Thursday, November 3.

Culture
Michel Foucault
Transparent Man
Semiotics
Allegory
Anthropometry
Physiognomy
Phrenology
fin-de-siecle
daugerrotype
Charcot
Eugenics
Thomas Rice
Jim Crow
Carolus Linneaus
Gilded Age
Anatomical Theatre
Stigmata
Feminist
Suffragist
Apollo Belvedere
Augustine
Jacob Riis
Exotic
Art Nouveau
Moulin Rouge
Nazi Germany

In addition to the above terms and people, be prepared to discuss the work of Wilke, Mendieta, Boltanski and Kentridge.

Anatomical Theatre

Engraving done in 1610 shows exhibits and a dissection taking place. 

Add caption

1751

Dissection Scene Gallery. Link here to see more images.

Junior Mint.

Cabinets of Curiosity

painted by Charles Wilson Peale, 1822

Cummer Museum of Art and Gardens Field Trip

Ninah May Holden Cummer
(1875-1958)
The Cummer Museum of Art & Gardens started with just 60 pieces of art — all part of Ninah Cummer’s personal collection. It was built on the lawn of Ninah and husband Arthur’s house. Ninah Cummer also created two acres of the current garden that grows around the museum. According to Lisska, Cummer organized the Garden Club of Jacksonville in 1922 and was a member of the Woman’s Club of Jacksonville, which was instrumental in advocating for women’s suffrage and other issues.

Link here to read about more influential women in Jacksonville.

Model by Johann Joachim Kaendler

 German, 1706-1775

Liqueur Barrel and Stand, c. 1743

Porcelain, 16 in. high

Homework:
Newspaper Article – Write a newspaper article that introduces and discusses the collection of an individual(s).  The individual(s) are fictional and so is the newspaper.  However, the time period and images/objects collected are factual.

Begin an outline of your ideas and research by answering the basic questions of Who, What, Where, When, Why, How.

Who – Invented character(s) who collects.  Who is the collector? Identify the collector(s).  A doctor?  A botanist?  A painter?  A Queen?  A World War II Veteran? 

What – A themed collection. Collection is specific to the time period.  For instance, an electronic collection would not exist in the 1700’s.  The theme of the collection is content driven. The objects in the collection will be significant of the same or similar meaning. The collection does not have to be made up of one medium.

Where – Depends on the time period.  A royal castle?  A traveling exhibition by horse and wagon?  A private home? 

When - Select a time period from those we covered in class.  Refer to reading handouts, text and class blog for time periods.  One exception, time periods after 1970 are not up for grabs.

Why – Address why the individual(s) collect.  To remember?  To preserve?  To entertain?  To expand knowledge (intellect)?

How – How and what the individual is collecting will relate to how the collection is obtained.  Is the collector a King or Queen?  A middle-class Parisian?  An American patriot?   

-In order to define the culture, include references about government, architecture and art.  Include one additional reference in the area of literature, music or fashion.  Total of four topics for cultural reference.  Three topics are assigned and one is your choice.  Assigned topics (government, architecture, art).  One of choice (literature, music, fashion).

-Include at least three images in the newspaper article.

-Final solution to be presented “newspaper” style - layout with columns.  You can handwrite, cut and paste or use computer. 

-Don't forget to invent a name for your newspaper.  

-Feel free to use images featured on class blog.  I included the link to The Cummer as well as The Frick Collection.  See below.

-Include an additional piece of paper that sites all your sources.  Please make sure the list of sources is typed and includes your name.

-I am looking for you to connect the character’s identity and the objects he/she collects with the time period.

-Your writing should demonstrate an understanding of how visual imagery and objects reflect a time period. Keep in mind, discussing a particular time period includes events and ideas that occurred prior to the time period.  There is an order to things.

Eugène Louis Charvot

French, 1847-1924

View of Rue El-Alfahouine, 1889

Oil on canvas, 47 x 30.  On view at The Cummer Museum of Art and Gardens.

The Cummer Museum of Art and Gardens website link here.

The Frick Collection: Center for the History of Collecting. A good resource for this assignment.  Link here.

Interested in the job of museum curatorship?  Check out this three minute video.  Tarnya Cooper, Curator of 16th century collections at the National Portrait Gallery, gives a brief description of the position. Link here to watch YouTube video.

Agnolo Gaddi

Italian, c. 1350-1396

Madonna of Humility with Angels

mid 1390s

Tempera on panel, On view at The Cummer Museum of Art and Gardens.

Cabinets of Curiosity

Reflections of Rigolettoor how the hunchback gave his only daughter to die for our sins

A cabinet of curiosities starring Victor Hugo, Verdi, Saint-Simon, Louis-Philippe, Mr Punch

with a full cast of dwarfs, hunchbacks and puppets, the portrait of Mr Dorian Grey

and supported by the Thêatre Grand Guignol de Montmartre.

© James Beswick Whitehead, 2001

James Beswick Whitehead was born in Southport and educated at St. Mary's College, Crosby and the University College of North Wales, Bangor. Based near Central Manchester, his day job is teaching English.  His articles on films, literature and classical music, have been widely disseminated via the Internet and translated into several languages.  Since 2004, he has concentrated on film, with a special interest in Alfred Hitchcock, Carl Theodor Dreyer and European Cinema. He is currently working on a volume of film studies entitled, Did you see what I did? Do you know what it means? Part of it can be read on this website.

 

A Short History of the Shadow: An Interview with Victor I. Stoichita

Article by Christopher Turner, Cabinet Magazine, Issue 24 Shadows Winter 2006/2007. Link here to read article.

Chapter 6, The Transparent Body: Biocultures of Evolution, Eugenics and Scientific Racism

Ancient Egypt

Ancient Egypt

Exaggerated.

Link here for video. Observation - every detail of human body. Studied details of human body, strive to understand how to reproduce. Greeks produced a realistic human body. Effect realism has on a culture.

Kritios Boy. Realism. Greek, around 480 BC. Link here for more info.

Michel Foucault, French philosopher, 1926-1984.  Link here for more on Foucault.

Physiognomy - fiz-ee-og-nuh-mee

"This idea of beauty is like an essence extracted from matter by fire; it seeks to beget onto itself a creature formed after the likeness of the first rational being designed in the mind of the divinity." 

The ideal was also exclusively white. "As white is the color which reflects the greatest number of rays of light, and consequently is the most easily perceived, a beautiful body will, ac-cordingly be the more beautiful the whiter it is." Joachim Winckelmann.   The ideal embodies perfection, he believed, something that no actual human was capable of fully achieving, though a small few came close. It was, in short, an ideal of beauty that was essentially exclusionary. 

Classical Antiquity, Apollo Belvedere, circa 120-140, white marble, 88 inches, Vatican Museums.  Ideal aesthetic perfection for Europeans

Birth of Venus, Botticelli, 1485

Johann Lavater, Swiss Protestant minister, published essays on Physiognomy.

Above image a sample of his work from 1810.

Petrus Camper, Dutch anatomist, Treatise on the Natural Difference of Features in Persons of Different Countries, 1775. 

Measure intelligence and ability. The facial angle, invented by Petrus Camper in the 1770.  Dr. Samuel Morton, Crania Americana, book, 1839. The book portrayed American Indians as inherently violent and incapable of education due to their facial angle. Morton's book provided scientific justification for Andrew Jackson's Indian Removal Act, which turned America's original inhabitants into refugees and led to genocide.

1920's, American Eugenics Society, "Fitter Families for American Firesides".    

Circa 1915.  After US Civil War ethnic landscape transformed.  Johnson-Reed Act of 1924.  Jim Crow laws 1876 - 1965.

Louis Agassiz, Swiss scientist.  Races came from separate origins (separate creations), classified into specific climatic zones, compare to classification of animal and plants.
 Chart above 1855.
Theories fuel argument for slavery in United States.  

Carolus Linnaeus, born Sweden 1707.  Botanist,  Physician, Classification system Genus-Species - pays little attention to internal anatomy.  Genus - group to which it belongs.  Species - specific name within genus.

 Thomas Rice, a white entertainer, invented the character "Jim Crow" in 1828.  Reconstruction - Civil Rights.

American Museum of Natural History, founded 1869.  Hall of Man.  Eugenics Society Meetings. Link here for website.

Link here for film clip.  Source is Trefethen Studios.
The idea that there was an “Aryan” race was proposed by certain 19th century writers and was taken up by Hitler and other proponents of racist ideology, but it has been generally rejected by scholars..

Time Magazine, Monday, June 2, 1930, Article - Medicine: German Hygiene Museum.  Linkhere.
"The transparencies of organs and bones fascinated visitors. Dr. Werner Spalteholz, professor of anatomy at the University of Leipzig, developed them. He treats the heart, for example, with a solution which hardens cavities, arteries, veins. Then he soaks the organ in reagents which change the flesh of the heart into a transparent jelly. The observer can see the hidden blood vessels intricately intertwined like the roots of a seaweed."

Transparent Woman, 1958

Jaipreet Virdi is a PhD candidate at the Institute for the History and Philosophy of Science and Technology, University of Toronto.  Her blog discusses the Transparent Man.  Link here.

Current Day, Plastic Surgery.  "One such principle is that the perfect face can be divided into equal thirds. This is based on the mathematics of the golden proportion devised by the Greek mathematician Eudoxus and used since then in architecture and art. It was Pythagoras, another Greek mathematician, who determined that this formula also could be the basis for the portions of the human figure, and Leonardo da Vinci, some 2,000 years later, used this golden proportion to show that the face should be divided into three equal horizontal spaces. The famed artist showed how these spaces are further subdivided into spaces occupied by the facial features. Aesthetic balance is achieved when the facial features fall within these parameters. To determine the "thirds," use a photograph and divide your face into three sections by drawing horizontal lines through the forehead hairline, the brow, the base of the nose, and at the lower margin of the chin. On the ideal face, the three sections are equal." Source link here. 

Man With A Glove painted by Titian, 1520-23.